First, have you checked with a FD in your area that you might want to go to work for? They will have all the answers you need regarding what they require for education.
At a minimum, you will probably have to get your Firefighter 1 certificate and your EMT-basic certificate. Both of these are two or three nights a week and are about 6 months long.
At 31, time is running out quickly. Most departments have 35 as the age cut-off unless you were in the military or are transferring from another department. Some smaller FD's dont have the age cut-off, just something to check into. The good news is that your current degrees are a major turn on for some FD's.
Another option is getting on as a volunteer. They will give you some formal and informal training and possibly even pay for classes. Anything helps while trying to get your foot in the door.
BTW, fire departments are extremely political. The first few times I tried out for jobs, I watched as those less qualified were hired because they were needed for the FD to qualify for government grants.
Just remember, when you start applying for a job, there will be hundreds of other guys fighting for that position. Here in Colorado Springs, we had over 4,000 applicants for 9 jobs.